Mémoire
| Résumé : | The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework call to protect 30% of oceans by 2030increases the importance of identifying areas to conserve in Areas Beyond NationalJurisdiction (ABNJ). Conservation-sensitive closures may qualify as other effective areabasedconservation measures (OECMs), allowing fisheries to participate proactively inconservation. Areas important to fisheries could benefit from the protection afforded byOECMs. The future impacts of climate change have rarely been considered in designingOECMs. We therefore designed a framework for creating conservation-sensitive, climatesmartpelagic fisheries closures for ABNJ in the Pacific Ocean. Our framework protects atleast 22.5% of: 1) the spawning habitats of tunas and billfish; and 2) the distribution ofbycaught marine turtles. Spawning habitats were mapped out using Generalized AdditiveModels, with sea surface temperature being the main driver of larval occurrence. Sincethere is no current consensus on a climate-smart approach for marine spatial planning, weproposed and tested three approaches. The best was the “penalty” climate-smartapproach, which strikes a balance between reducing costs to fisheries and maximizingprotection of climate refugia. Under the highest climate scenario (SSP 5-8.5), thisapproach is 14.6% more costly than the climate-uninformed approach and protects roughlythe same ocean area. We also found that by adhering to the Paris Agreement of limitingwarming to 2ºC compared to pre-industrial temperatures, costs of climate-smart approachare reduced. We demonstrate that fisheries and conservation have common objectives,and this framework of developing OECMs can be used by fisheries management tocontribute toward area-based conservation targets |
