par Diederich-Amand, Martin ;Carpentier, Auriane CA;Carpentier, Marine ;Faoro, Vitalie
Référence FIRRI SYMPOSIUM : "From Aging to Infinity: Innovations in Rehabilitation and Beyond" (04/04/2025: Brussels, Belgium, ULB-Erasme)
Publication Publié, 2025-04-04
Poster de conférence
Résumé : Effects of Second- and Fourth-Generation Oral Contraceptives on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Women[Diederich-Amand Martin1; Carpentier Auriane1; Carpentier Marine1; Faoro Vitalie1]1. Research Unit in Cardio-Respiratory Physiology, Exercise & NutritionBackground: Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are widely used [1], but their potential impact on physical performance remains debated. Second generation (C2), or Levonorgestrel-based combined OCPs, and fourth generation (C4), Drospirenone-based or nomegestrol-based combined OCPs, differ in their hormonal composition, primarily in the type of progestin, which influences their metabolic effects, cardiovascular risk, and the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity [2;3]. Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of OCPs on aerobic performance using a cardio-pulmonary exercise test (CPET) and anaerobic performance through the Wingate test. Methods:Fifteen women (aged 20-28 years) using either C2 (n=6) or C4 (n=9) OCPs participated to the study. Testing occurred, in a randomized ordre, during the early follicular phase (day 2), mid-follicular phase (day 12), and mid-luteal phase (day 21). Blood samples were collected to measure sex hormone levels before performing a CPET with gas exchange measurements on a semi-recumbent cycle ergometer. The test followed an incremental protocol with workloads increasing by 20W/2min until 80W, then 20W/min until exhaustion, with Borg scale scores (RPE) measurements recorded before and after the test, and blood lactate levels measurements recorded five minutes after the test.On the following day, power output was recorded during a Wingate anaerobic test, which consisted of a 30-second all-out maximal effort test on a cycle ergometer against resistance. Pre-and-post-test RPE and lactate were also measured. Results:No significant differences were observed in ergospirometry performance at maximal effort or at the first or second ventilatory thresholds between OCP types and menstrual cycle phases. However, the RPE at maximal effort was significantly higher in C4 users vs C2 users(C2 = 7.6 vs C4= 8.3; p= 0.0331). No differences between groups were found in peak power, mean power, fatigue index and blood lactate levels during the Wingate test. Interestingly, the mean power output during the Wingate test was positively correlated with blood testosterone concentration levels (R=0.39; p=0.02) but not to estrogen and progesterone levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: Although a Type II error cannot be ruled out, the present findings suggest that monophasic oral contraceptive use (C2 and C4) and the hormonal fluctuations during the early follicular phase do not significantly impact aerobic or anaerobic performance. However, RPE was higher in fourth-generation OCP users, warranting further investigation into the potential influence of progestin type on fatigue perception.Additionally, testosterone levels were positively correlated with anaerobic power output, while estrogen and progesterone showed no significant association. These results reinforce the role of androgenic steroids in anaerobic power, surpassing the influence of ovarian steroid hormones. References: 1. Donval, L., Hamy, A., Reyal, F., Bondu, D., & Daoud, E. (2022). Évaluation de l’évolution des pratiques contraceptives en France : une étude descriptive nationale sur 5 ans. Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie, 50(5), 427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gofs.2022.02.0052. Fazio, G., Ferrara, F., Bárbaro, G., Alessandro, G., Ferrro, G., Novo, G., & Novo, S. (2010). Protrhombotic effects of contraceptives. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Protrhombotic-effects-of-contraceptives.-Fazio-Ferrara/de6c7a305958093e63e12bfb10d578221c9cd1913. Thomas, M. A. (2023). O-044 The future of contraception. Human Reproduction, 38(Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead093.051

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