Résumé : The dissertation attempts to explain how did the cost-benefit calculation of the interest of China and the interest of the EU influence the institutionalization of their S&T cooperation. After a comparison between the EU and China’s respective Science and Technology Policies, this dissertation assesses the institutionalization of EU-China S&T cooperation which is the dependent variable, by looking at the degree, intensity, and effectiveness of the institutionalization in three typical cases: Galileo project, The Europe-China Clean Energy Centre project (EC2), and the Dragon program. These three cases explain interrelated issues from different angles, creating a holistic image of the field of S&T cooperation. Notably, the cost-benefit explanations are insufficient for the institutionalization of Sino-EU S&T cooperation; other independent variables are also mentioned in this dissertation.