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A Novel Approach to Osteoporosis Treatment: Polyphenolic-based Scaffold from Apple Waste

par Hobbi, Parinaz ;Okoro, Oseweuba Valentine;Megalizzi, Véronique ;Dodi, Gianina;Nie, Lei;Shavandi, Amin
Référence (20th-21st April 2023: Iași - Romania), International Meeting of Young Researchers - INNOGLY & GLYCONanoPROBES
Publication Publié, 2023

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Résumé :

Osteoporosis has been converted into a major public health issue which is projected to affect 13.6 million women over 50 years old by 2030. Osteoporosis accelerates bone loss, leading to a gradual decrease in bone density and increased risk of fractures [1]. Bone tissue engineering by fabricating a bioactive bone scaffold has introduced an effective solution for this global issue. Polyphenolic compounds (PPCs) have shown their efficiency in bone healing processes such as influencing different bone cells mechanisms and mineralization. In addition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties as well as the capability of interacting with other molecules have introduced them as an effective biomolecule for bone tissue regeneration [2]. The present research aimed to fabricate a functional bone-engineered scaffold from highly abundant polyphenol-rich apple waste (AW) which not only mitigates the environmental issues caused by AW streams but also it can provide a potential therapeutic solution for women's bone fractures resulting from osteoporosis.Food industry AW samples with four different fractions namely, a mixture containing pulp, peel, seed, core, and stem (A), peel (B), seed and core (C), and pulp and peel (D) were investigated as viable sources of PPCs via mild extraction using green solvent of ethanol (50%v/v) and subsequently analyzed. HPLC analysis revealed phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin as the major PPCs of AW fractions. Polyphenolic extracts showed antioxidant activity (%DPPH radical scavenging activity) with the highest value (89.03 ± 0.93%) obtained in fraction B. Moreover, polyphenolic extract were cytocompatible towards fibroblast (3T3-L1) cells at the highest employed concentration of 1 mg/mL after 24h.The in vivo bone regeneration assay showed that the polyphenolic extract of fraction A could enhance bone formation in a rat femur bone defect compared to the control drug (Bio-Gen) after 45 days. For the fabrication of a polyphenolic bone scaffold, phloridzin (ph), which was identified as the main polyphenol in AW extract, was incorporated to the gelatin/hydroxyapatite (Gel/HA) scaffold. Gel/HA/ph scaffold resulted better compressive strength, antioxidant activity, degradation rate compared to Gel/HA scaffold. Furthermore, ph could enhance the proliferation of Hoffa´s fat pad derived Mesenchymal stem cells and apatite mineralization on the surface of the Gel/HA/ph scaffold compared to the Gel/HA scaffold. Considering the polyphenol’s unique properties, this study suggests polyphenol-based scaffold a promising biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration applications. 1. J. J. Damani et. al., Adv Nutr, 2022, 13(5), 1476-1492.2. A. Shavandi et. al., Biomaterials, 2018,167, 91-106.