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Que connaît-on vraiment en psychiatrie ? Les grandes dichotomies : « inné-acquis »

par Kornreich, Charles
Référence Revue médicale de Bruxelles, 43, 3, page (209-217)
Publication Publié, 2022-05-01

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

Heritability of mental disorders is evoked since at least two centuries. Concepts have however tremendously changed with the advances of genomics. Genetics results were not replicated until recently, but progress in the sequencing procedures and the constitution of very big biobanks, including data from genomes of hundreds of thousands of patients begun to yield reproducible results. It gives a global image of immense complexity: risk factors for mental disorders are very often polygenic, the addition of small effects from multiple variants, and are not specific. GeneEnvironment interactions suggest that the same variants are responsible for very different outcomes, depending on the environment they are expressed in. Epigenetics, the modification of gene expression with specific environments changes further the way we may understand risks for mental disorders. Finally, the use of genetic data, coming from mega biobanks, and the cross-analyses of behavioral and medical data, will offer prevention tools or even treatments, but will also raise big ethical issues.