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Séparation parentale et autres facteurs de stress au cours de l'enfance : Lien éventuel avec l'apparition du diabète de type 1. Une revue systématique de la literature

par Devuyst, France ;Kacenelenbogen, Nadine
Référence Revue médicale de Bruxelles, 42, 1, page (4-15)
Publication Publié, 2021-01-01

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

Introduction : Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Its worldwide pediatric incidence is increasing annually by 2-5%, and given this rapid rate, the most likely explanation would be the influence of the environment. According to the ß cell stress hypothesis, psychological stress could be one of the risk factors for the disease. Parental separation is associated with increased health problems in childhood. Aims : Clarify the link between T1DM and childhood stress, including parental separation, as an environmental risk factor. Methods : Consultation of quaternary to primary databases with the following MeSH terms : « Child Adolescent Marital Status Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Life Change Events Stress, Psychological Risk Factors ». Results : Inclusion of 23 observational studies. Description of outcomes according to various factors: Parental separation, loss of relative, stressful events, parental stress, psychological dysfunction, and socio-economic status. Discussion : The majority of studies support the involvement of psychological stress in the pathogenesis of T1DM. The experience of stressful events could triple the risk of diagnosis. Hill's causality criteria support a link between T1DM and parental separation or the experience of stressful events. Conclusions : Parental separation and psychological stress in childhood appears to be an environmental factor influencing T1DM which should be considered in primary care medicine.