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The tRNA Epitranscriptome and Diabetes: Emergence of tRNA Hypomodifications as a Cause of Pancreatic β-Cell Failure

par Cosentino, Cristina ;Cnop, Miriam ;Igoillo Esteve, Mariana
Référence Endocrinology, 160, 5, page (1262-1274)
Publication Publié, 2019-05-01

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

tRNAs are crucial noncoding RNA molecules that serve as amino acid carriers during protein synthesis. The transcription of tRNA genes is a highly regulated process. The tRNA pool is tissue and cell specific, it varies during development, and it is modulated by the environment. tRNAs are highly posttranscriptionally modified by specific tRNA-modifying enzymes. The tRNA modification signature of a cell determines the tRNA epitranscriptome. Perturbations in the tRNA epitranscriptome, as a consequence of mutations in tRNAs and tRNA-modifying enzymes or environmental exposure, have been associated with human disease, including diabetes. tRNA fragmentation induced by impaired tRNA modifications or dietary factors has been linked to pancreatic β-cell demise and paternal inheritance of metabolic traits. Herein, we review recent findings that associate tRNA epitranscriptome perturbations with diabetes.