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Effect of cigarette smoke on oxidative stress and vascular endothelial function

par Argacha, Jean-François ;Adamopoulos, Dionysios ;Dreyfuss, Céline ;Berkenboom, Guy ;Van De Borne, Philippe
Référence Oxidative Stress: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., page (235-256)
Publication Publié, 2011

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Résumé :

Cigarette smoking is a major, independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Among the potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms explaining this association, smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction has been shown to play a key role. Cigarette smoking decreases vasculature NO bioavaibility by adversely affecting both intravascular NO activity and synthesis. The free radicals within the cigarette smoke react chemically with NO and promote secondary free radicals generation in the vascular tree by uncoupling the NO synthase homodimer and by activating the NADPH oxidase. Impaired endothelial function following smoke exposure is also characterized by increased adherence properties to circulating immune cells and loss of healing capacities of the endothelial cells. Moreover, cigarette smoke components also play a role in enhanced vascular inflammation and remodeling. The systemic endothelial dysfunction induced by tobacco smoke affects numerous vascular beds from penile arteries to the myocardial blood flow regulation, and finally initiates the atherosclerotic process. The cardiovascular consequences of smoking are unfortunately not limited to smokers since the second hand smoke affects the majority of the population in western societies. The importance of passive smoking exposure underscores the need to improve our knowledge on the particulate matter induced endothelial toxicity and should promote smoking cessations strategies and public ban applications. This manuscript has discussed in detail the constituents of cigarette smoke involved in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, we have reviewed the existing evidence on the effect of smoke on molecular constituents of vascular endothelium, inflammation and cardiovascular tissue remodeling. © 2011 Nova Scicence Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.