Résumé : The comparison between two techniques of oocyte retrieval for IVF treatment, i.e. laparoscopy and echoguided transvaginal puncture, shows that both give similar results (15% ongoing pregnancy rate per oocyte retrieval). A slight but significant increase of fertilization failures was observed among echoguided pick-ups. However, its ease and rapidity plead in favour of this method. The problems encountered with the echoguided transvaginal puncture are rare (one case of intraperitoneal bleeding and 3 cases of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease among 300 pick-ups) but justify careful surveillance during a few days.