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Adverse effects of two nights of sleep restriction on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men.

par Guyon, A;Balbo, Marcella ;Morselli, L L;Tasali, E;Leproult, Rachel ;L'Hermite-Balériaux, Mireille ;Van Cauter, Eve ;Spiegel, Karine
Référence The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, page (jc20134254)
Publication Publié, 2014-05

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

Context: Insufficient sleep is associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may underlie this link. Objective: To examine the impact of restricted sleep on daytime profiles of ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Methods: Thirteen subjects participated in 2 laboratory sessions (2 nights of 10h in bed versus 2 nights of 4h in bed) in a randomized cross-over design. Sleep was polygraphicallyrecorded. After the second night of each session, blood was sampled at 20-min intervals from 09:00 to 24:00 to measure ACTH and total cortisol. Saliva was collected every 20 minutes from 14:00 to 24:00 to measure free cortisol. Perceived stress, hunger and appetite were assessed at hourly intervals by validated scales. Results: Sleep restriction was associated with a 19% increase in overall ACTH levels (p<0.03) that was correlated with the individual amount of sleep loss (rSp=0.63, p<0.02). Overall total cortisol levels were also elevated (+21%; p=0.10). Pulse frequency was unchanged for both ACTH and cortisol. Morning levels of ACTH were higher after sleep restriction (p<0.04), without concomitant elevation of cortisol. In contrast, evening ACTH levels were unchanged while total and free cortisol increased by respectively, 30% (p<0.03) and 200% (p<0.04). Thus, the amplitude of the circadian cortisol decline was dampened by sleep restriction (-21%; p<0.05). Sleep restriction was not associated with higher perceived stress but resulted in an increase in appetite that was correlated with the increase in total cortisol. Conclusion: The impact of sleep loss on HPA activity is dependent on time of day. Insufficient sleep dampens the circadian rhythm of cortisol, a major internal synchronizer of central and peripheral clocks.