Résumé : In order to analyze the influence of the spatial structure of the ecological functioning of forest ecosystems, a study on the spatial distribution of natural regeneration and coexistence of the main tree species was conducted in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve in Burundi. This protected area is the southernmost part of the Congo-Nile ridge forest system. The study tests the hypothesis that the aggregated spatial structure of a tree species would have an impact on natural regeneration and the coexistence of other tree species in the same habitat. Two methods were used to determine the type of spatial distribution of tree species: one based on the distance to the nearest neighbor and the second on change in the number of individuals of the species in the sample plots. Natural regeneration was evaluated on the basis of the distribution of their diameters. Analysis of the spatial distribution showed that Strombosia scheffleri and Xymalos monospora are characterized by a spatial distribution of aggregate. Then, the study was highlighted the negative impact of the aggregate distribution of S. scheffleri and X. monospora on natural regeneration of Entandrophragma excelsum and Prunus africana, two endangered species in Burundi. Thus, the local dominance of a tree species can reduce the diversity as stipulated in the escape hypothesis.