Résumé : Cytokines have been associated with the development of sepsis and diffuse tissue injury following septic or endotoxic challenges in humans. Furthermore, relative organ-system dysfunction, not specific organ dysfunction, appears to predict outcome from critical illness. We hypothesized that persistence of inflammatory cytokines within the circulation, reflecting a generalized systemic inflammatory response, is associated with multiple-system organ failure (MSOF) and death from critical illness. In addition, since hepatic function is central to host-defense homeostasis, we further reasoned that critically ill patients with hepatic cirrhosis would have an increased incidence of MSOF and death following sepsis associated with a persistence of cytokines in the blood.