par Bergeman, Sharon
Promoteur Vogel, Susanne
Co-Promoteur Huge, Jean ;Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid ;Giacomo, Santini
Publication Non publié, 2024-06-28
Mémoire
Résumé : Human-elephant conflicts (HEC) pose significant challenges, particularly regarding crop consumptionand foraging behaviours in human-altered landscapes. This systematic literature review investigates 62studies on whether there is sexual segregation in risk-taking behaviours related to crop use byelephants. Including foraging nearby settlements, trespassing of crop protection measures and conflictindicators, by examining variables such as elephant and human density, study area size, rainfall, andseason. The review reveals that male and female elephants exhibit distinct ecological behaviours in theirforaging patterns driven by different environmental determinants. Males are more frequently involvedin incidents and are less deterred by high human presence or the number of elephants, likely due tohigh levels of male-male competition. While female elephants exhibit higher stress levels and morefrequent crop consumption in high human density areas. Despite typically taking fewer risks due to thepresence of offspring, they may be directed to these behaviours by the scarcity of natural forage andincreased access to cropland. Females are observed to consume more crops in low elephant densityareas. Potentially driven by their caregiving responsibilities, which increases their need formicronutrients that are deficient in wild forage. Both sexes are influenced by high rainfall and smallerstudy areas. However, the study's limitations, including small sample sizes and data gaps, highlight theneed for further research to confirm these trends. Developing effective mitigation strategies for specificsites, focusing on the gender most responsible for crop utilisation, is crucial for fostering sustainablecoexistence between people and elephants.

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