Mémoire
| Résumé : | The origin of this work lies in the observation that the results of elections are more and more often questioned, whatever the voting method used. Suspicions of irregularities in the voting process, a too long delay to tally the votes or the process being too muchcentralized are often the reasons put forward for this mistrust.Would it be possible to have an electronic voting method that allows a complete transparency, an end-to-end verifiability of the process and a quick way to tally the result while maintaining the essential properties of an electoral process such as confidentiality and integrity among other things? The blockchain technology seems to be the right answer to these needs since it allows not only to decentralize the electoral process but also to record all the transactions that take place on its network and to guarantee the integrity of the information that is stored on it.To determine if the blockchain really allows to improve the electoral processes, we will compare various solutions of traditional electronic voting, such as the electronic voting practiced in Estonia, with the voting taking place thanks to the blockchain as it is the case in the application of the Open Vote Network protocol on the Ethereum blockchain or in various commercial implementations such as Agora or Voatz.These analyses show that the application of blockchain in the context of electronic voting is not the most judicious. Indeed, whether it is the electronic voting as we know it now or as applied with the blockchain, the cryptographic bases are similar but the blockchain tends to complicate the process and make it less transparent. Moreover, blockchains do not solve the problems encountered by traditional electronic voting methods but create new ones. |
