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Seed dispersal of an exotic tree (Azadirachta indica) by capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator) in a fragmented dry forest in Costa Rica

par Colosimo, Agostina
Promoteur Maille, Audrey
Co-Promoteur Benítez, Marcela
Publication Non publié, 2022-08-31

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Résumé :

Tropical dry forests, one of the most threatened habitats, are at risk due to the introduction of exotic plant species. In Costa Rica one invasive species, neem (Azadirachta indica), is of critical concern as it can replace native species and alter the behavioral ecology of key plant dispersers, impacting the dynamic of the ecosystem. In this thesis, we aim to examine the dynamic relationship between neem and a key disperser, the white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator), in the Taboga Forest Reserve, a dry forest in Costa Rica. Specifically, we evaluate how capuchin monkeys effect the quantity and quality of need dispersal and how the introduction of neem influences capuchin foraging behavior. To examine this, we randomly distributed vegetation transects, we perform focal animal observations and germination trials. We found that the presence and density of neem differed due to forest location, and tended higher in areas with capuchin presence. In terms of quality, capuchins improved the germination of neem, and presented a large range of dispersion, but a low median dispersal distance from reproductive neem trees. Male capuchins, in general, were more likely to disperse neem at long-distance than females. Lastly, we found that neem is an essential resource for capuchins modifying their feeding ecology and use of habitat during the fructification period. Understanding the dispersal interactions between these species can help predict the development of future plant invasions and help to implement restoration programs by removing individuals or avoiding the introduction of exotic species.