Mémoire
| Résumé : | An unprecedented environmental crisis is underway in Brazil. Deforestation and environmental destruction increased by 70 per cent in the period 2019-2021, considering the average of the previous 10 years. At the same time, there has been a significant increase in encroachments, misappropriations, violence and discrimination against local indigenous peoples. In this scenario of irreversible devastation, the Bolsonaro government, on the one hand, has denied the evidence of an environmental crisis and increased violation of the rights of local populations. On the other, the executive has fuelled these phenomena. Through a highly predatory environmental policy that has favoured a small part of the national elite, large landowners, mining and agribusiness companies. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate how the discourses and policies of the current Brazilian executive can be read through a postcolonial perspective. In the first chapter, therefore, I will present the theoretical framework and theories that will be used for this analysis. The sources I will use will privilege authors of Latin American and Brazilian origin. Next, the political ideology pursued by Bolsonaro will be presented, exemplified through speeches, statements and practical actions of the government. For this second chapter, newspaper articles, laws, decrees and bills of the current government will be consulted. Then, through the use of databases and statistical data, related to indigenous and environmental rights, the practical effects of the current executive's policies will be presented. In the conclusions, I will show how the actions of the Bolsonaro government reflect an idea of modernity that has its origins in colonialism and still has strong repercussions in the present. A strongly neoliberal and utilitarian model whose effects have led to strong discrimination and a wide economic-social divide. To the homogenisation and loss of cultures considered 'minorities', and to the destruction of the planet that has led to the unprecedented climate crisis in which we find ourselves today. |
