Mémoire
Résumé : The mangrove ecosystem has been broadly recognised as a Social-Ecological System, in which theecological dimension is in constant interaction with the human population living in its proximity. Inthe Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka, mangroves represent the main type of forest of the area and thesecond largest mangrove patch of the country. A destructive civil war, which lasted for more than25 years, heavily affected the local vegetation and inhabitants. Large patches of mangrove forestswere damaged and not accessible for a considerable time, while most of the population wasobliged to temporally abandon their habitations and move to other districts. Through this study,we demonstrate a significant distancing of the local communities from mangrove goods andservices, combined with a poor understanding of this ecosystem. Furthermore, we assess theperspectives of multiple mangrove management stakeholders (i.e., Government, Non-Governmetal Organisations, scientific community), to reveal major challenges and proposepossible solutions for effective mangrove conservation in the Jaffna Peninsula. Weak interactionsamong different departments that have jurisdiction over the mangrove ecosystem combined withthe failure of replantation attempts and scarcity of scientific data expose mangroves tounsuccessful conservation efforts. Addressing these major issues is the first step to guaranteeingmore effective mangrove management and conservation in the Jaffna Peninsula which can beadapted to other districts in Sri Lanka and beyond.

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