Mémoire
| Résumé : | The development of the idea of a more intensive involvement of the EU in industrial matters in order to enhance its ability to produce innovation raise the question of the interaction between technology and actors of World politics. The EU Industrial Policy was promoted in order to develop the technological endowment of Europe to acquire knowledge in the “4th Industrial Revolution” and in the deployment of Infrastructure of the Digital Single Market, intertwined technologies though as able to further the role of the EU in the globalization and developing its actorness in the global economy. One application of this paradigm is the 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership, established by the European Commission in 2013 in collaboration of the 5G Infrastructure Associations, a group of European ICT industries, in the wider framework of the “Horizon 2020” strategies in the 8th Framework Programme. To analyze this institution, we developed the concept of Multilateral Industrial Policy. Indeed, this paradigm came from the reorientation of technology policy and competition policy toward industrial objectives, focused essentially on public-private strategic coordination and implementation of horizontal and sectoral industrial policy to foster the EU wide System of Innovation. This thesis consequently aimed at demonstrating that the 5G PPP illustrate that innovation and globalization in the 21st century have triggered the institutionalization of a Supranational Industrial Policy in the EU. The academic literature highlights the reflective nature of the international public policy regarding innovation and highlight that innovation policy meaning and substance in the context of a global competition is socially constructure. Hence, both globalization and innovation are not given of the analysis but have to be analyzed through the lens of actors which promote policy to act upon them. The EU industrial policy of the 2000’s and 2010’s, crystalized by the 5G PPP, came from a specific history, which path the way of its institutionalization through neoliberal principle. A historical institutionalist analysis of the 5G PPP allow us to demonstrate that the 5G technology was promoted as an answer to the structural challenge the EU was facing and as a way to enhance its position in the global economy. This analysis shows that the institutionalization of the 5G PPP was built by strategy and idea of both actors from the public and private sphere, which shape the contour and deployment of this multilateral industrial policy for the development of ICT technologies. On one hand, the private sphere aimed at finding public support and regulations which will help its R&D effort. On the other hand, the EU commission aimed at developing its actorness in the global economy by fostering its technological endowment, allowing it also to support wider societal and political objectives such as the digital and green transition. Both side of the PPP negotiate and cooperate to influence the institutional design and building of the International Public Policy for 5G development and deployment. It triggers the reorientation of public policy for ICT from technology and competition policy toward a supranational industrial policy aiming to endow Europe with this “key enabling technology”, and it shift the authority of the development of the System of Innovation for 5G technologies from nation-state level to the supranational level. This thesis aimed at bringing a new perspective on the International Organizations economic policy and their ability to participate in the development and deployment of innovation. |
