Résumé : The Ankobra mangrove forest has served its surrounding communities for years. However, themangrove system is threatened with degradation leaving the future of its dependents uncertain.This study combined mangrove survey and mangrove resource knowledge of Sanwoma andAdelekezo, Eshiem, Kukuaville, Adelekezo and Eziom as the main resource-use villages to assessthe vegetation structure of the mangrove forest and to identify the cause of change in themangrove forest for long term support to livelihoods of the rural communities. This was achievedthrough the assessment of the standing stock and the regeneration potential of the forest and theapplication of indigenous ecosystem knowledge. From the findings, although every communityhad fair knowledge about the mangrove species, the people of Sanwoma had in-depth knowledgeof the true mangrove species compared to people from the other communities in the Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira districts. This was attributable to their relatively extensive use of the mangrovesystem. Fuelwood and construction wood were the two most common resources identified for themangrove system which were benefited by the population of Sanwoma. All communities benefitthrough fishing. Rhizophora harrisonii dominated forest, we observed a significant spatialdifferences in stocking densities and sapling densities which were associated by two humanfactors – number of cut trees and number of cut branches, and distance of vegetation from river.Our conclusion is that the forest has good number of established juveniles, but it is not reflected inthe mature tree density because of the constant harvesting of mangroves for fuelwood andconstruction.