Mémoire
| Résumé : | The unprecedented situation of the European migrant crisis of 2015 has led to deep questioning about the management of integration of migrants on the European territory. Indeed, following the lack of responsiveness of countries, actors newly involved in the management of integration have emerged, questioning even more the centralization of decision-making on the reception firstly but also on the integration of the unprecedented number of migrants landing on European shores.Among them, local actors played a significant role in the integration of these newcomers, due to their inventiveness and reactivity to the critical situation. Indeed, local actors, much more aware of the reality of their field, are more adept at providing quick and efficient responses to the various problems of their community.It is through this observation that this thesis is articulated. Indeed, local actors are becoming more and more involved in the management of integration, and the State has a duty to react to this novelty.Within integration policies, the state was for a long time the only provider of policies, which led to a lack of knowledge and a certain dichotomy between state directives and actual application. As we have seen above, localities do not expect the State to act to deal with the migration emergency. It is in this context that we have decided to understand whether the State, following the crisis of 2015, has proceeded to broaden the competences of local actors, following a recognition of their crucial role in managing integration. Throughout our analysis, we will examine this possible change, while trying to define it afterwards. To do so, we will analyze the public policies of two countries that are actors of integration in Europe, Italy and Belgium. |
