Résumé : The graft-versus leukemia (GVL) effect, closely related to allogeneic stem cell tranplantation, plays a crucial role in curing the disease but is often associated with a deleterious reaction, called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). So far, most strategies aiming at reducing GVHD also diminish the GVL effect. We try here to give an overview of strategies that could reduce GVHD without affecting GVL, or augment GVL without increasing GVHD or achieve both at the same time. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.