Article révisé par les pairs
Résumé : This paper presents the institutional process and the results obtained within the framework of a UNESCO mission in Paraguay focused on the study of three shipwrecks attributed to the War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870), whose preservation was threatened by natural and anthropogenic factors: the steamship Paraguarí—of the Paraguayan Navy—, a small unidentified wooden vessel, and remains attributed to the Brazilian steamship Eponina. The methodology applied at the three sites was structured around two main axes. First, the analysis of the archaeological remains made it possible to deepen the understanding of the historical context of their construction and use, as well as their implications for reconstructing regional industrial, commercial, and social networks, particularly during the nineteenth century. One of the main outcomes of the archaeological study was progress in the identification of the steamship Eponina. In addition, the assessment of the preservation state of the remains provided key information on site formation processes, allowing for an evaluation of their heritage valorization potential. Second, the UNESCO mission placed particular emphasis on engagement with local communities and on promoting awareness of the importance of underwater cultural heritage. Overall, the results highlight the country’s significant potential for the development of archaeology and management strategies related to its cultural heritage, not only underwater but more broadly associated with aquatic environments.

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