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Large-size integral imaging display with depth image-based plenoptic rendering

par Ferreira Ribeiro, Brenno ;Dury, Sarah ;Lafruit, Gauthier ;Teratani, Mehrdad ;Bonatto, Daniele
Référence SPIE Photonics Europe(14/04/2026: Strasbourg, France), Unconventional Optical Imaging V, Vol. 14083, page (164)
Publication Publié, 2026-05-28

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Résumé :

Integral imaging is a promising technique for glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) displays, as it reconstructs the light field, stored as a grid of micro-images, or a plenoptic image, using a microlens array (MLA) placed in front of a display screen. Over the past decade, research on integral imaging displays has become popular, with several studies enhancing key viewing parameters such as spatial resolution, angular performance, depth of field, and viewing angle. However, most existing implementations remain limited in scale due to the high cost of MLAs and inherent design constraints. We present a large-scale integral imaging display that provides depth perception, full-parallax, full-color, and moir ́e-free visualization. This work focuses on two main aspects: (1) the optical and hardware design of a large-format integral imaging prototype, and (2) a dedicated depth image-based rendering pipeline for plenoptic image generation from synthetic 3D scenes, called the Plenoptic Image Generator (PIG). The resulting system was a 27-inch display which achieved stable depth perception, smooth motion parallax, a 5◦ viewing angle in both horizontal and vertical directions, no chromatic aberrations, stable viewing over a practical range of distances, and no visual discomfort for the observer. These results were validated through 3D simulations of the prototype and ground-truth comparisons. Although limited by resolution, narrow viewing angles, short depth of field, and challenges in achieving precise mechanical alignment between microlenses and micro-images, the proposed prototype demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale integral imaging using accessible tools and hardware, providing a solid foundation for future developments in integral imaging display technology.