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Article révisé par les pairs
Résumé : Pithecellobium eriorhachis Harms . (Fabaceae) has been used as a folk medicine to treat various diseases in Cameroon and other countries. The present study aimed to isolate and characterise compounds with cytotoxic activity against three glioblastoma cancer cell lines (U87-MG, U251-MG, LN229) from the stem bark of P. eriorachis . As a result, two new cerebrosides, trivially named Pithecellobioside A and B ( 1–2 ), together with seven known compounds, were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, including one alkaloid ( 3 ), four flavonoids ( 4–7 ) and two steroids ( 8–9 ). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated using extensive spectral data, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and comparison of their NMR data with those of previously reported compounds. Both new compounds ( 1 – 2 ) were assessed in vitro using the MTT assay on three glioblastoma cancer cell lines (U87-MG, U251-MG, and LN229). U87-MG cells were the most sensitive to compound 1 (IC50 = 1.23 ± 0.06 μg/mL), while compound 2 showed the highest activity against LN229 cells (IC50 = 2.68 ± 0.08 μg/mL), exceeding that of the reference drug (oxaliplatin against LN229, IC50 = 4.78 ± 0.56 μg/mL). Pithecellobioside B ( 2 ) is identified as a potent cytotoxic compound that warrants further investigation for the development of novel antiproliferative drugs targeting LN229 epithelial-like glioblastoma cells. These findings indicate that Pithecellobiosides A and B ( 1–2 ) represent new cerebrosides with selective cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells, highlighting P. eriorachis as a promising source of bioactive glycosphingolipids.

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