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A study on the influence of organic and inorganic alkali on the formulation and properties of Pemulen TR-2 gels

par Hennen, Sofia;Mederos-Henry, Francisco ;De Boulard, Cécile;Espinosa, María-Fernanda;Cremonesi, Paulo
Editeur scientifique Angelova, Lora;Ormsby, Bronwyn;Townend, Joyce H;Wolbers, Richard
Référence Gels in Conservation Conference(16-17 October 2017: London, United Kingdom), Gels in the Conservation of Art, Archetype Publications, London, United Kingdom, Ed. 1, page (416)
Publication Publié, 2017-10-01

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Résumé :

Pemulen®TR-2 is a polyacrylic acid widely used in the field of cultural heritage conservation. Indeed, the nature of this macromolecule is partly responsible for the thickening, emulsifying, surfactant and chelating properties of conservation gels used when cleaning various types of surfaces. Typically, the fabrication of a Pemulen® gel implies the neutralisation of the polyacrylic acidic groups with an alkali in an aqueous environment. In the original gel recipe proposed by Wolbers, triethanolamine (TEA) was the alkali of choice. However, TEA is now considered an important source of residues possessing long-term deleterious effects. Even though other alkalis have been proposed as substitutes for TEA, no comparative information regarding their influence on the formulation or end properties of Pemulen® hydrogels could be found in the scientific literature. In consequence, conservators are lacking crucial scientific evidence to guide them when choosing alternative alkalis for such Pemulen-based preparations. In order to palliate this problem, the current research work systematically tested a series of four organic (Triethanolamine, Ethomeen C25, Tris and Bis-tris) and three inorganic bases (KOH, NaOH, NH4OH,) for the creation of Pemulen® hydrogels. The impact of each base on the preparation, stability, rheological properties and emulsion capabilities of the cleaning gels was evaluated.