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Headscarf Bans in the Belgian Education System An Empirical Insight

par Torrekens, Corinne ;Chaib, Saïla Ouald;Rombouts, Raoul
Référence Journal of Muslims in Europe, 14, 3, page (363-384)
Publication Publié, 2025-07-01

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

The headscarf, as a visible sign of religious identification, makes veiled Muslim women the subjects of wider identity politics struggles, both in their everyday experiences and in their educational choices. While many studies adopt a legal-institutional framework or discourse analysis perspective of the legislation, arguments and discourses surrounding headscarf bans, very few provide a systematic overview of the extent to which headscarf bans impact Muslim women regarding their school choice and how these bans are framed in schools’ policies. Based on an extensive analysis of the internal regulations of schools and on a phone call survey, we assess that a majority of secondary schools in Belgium implicitly prevent or explicitly forbid the wearing of religious symbols and even more explicitly the headscarf. In an education system based on a certain freedom of choice on the part of the school, this dramatically impacts options for Belgian Muslim girls and their parents.