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Shaping Soft Hydrogels Into Perfusable Vascular Structures Using Volumetric and Coaxial Extrusion 3D Printing

par Siminska-Stanny, Julia ;Thiry, Agathe;Balda Lorenzo, Ilargi;Junka, Adam;Gomez-Benito, Maria Jose;De Corato, Marco;Shavandi, Armin
Référence 34th Annual Conference of the European Society for Biomaterials, ESB Torino
Publication A Paraître, 2025-09-06

Abstract de conférence

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Résumé :

IntroductionRecreating perfusable vascular networks remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering [1]. Here, we employ volumetric 3D printing (Vol3DP) and coaxial extrusion 3D printing (Coax3DP) to construct vascular structures with distinct architectural outcomes, designed to create vascular geometries capable of controlled perfusion [2]. Vol3DP produces embedded vascular channels within a continuous hydrogel matrix, while Coax3DP generates standalone tubular structures. These differences, intrinsic to the fabrication methods, present unique challenges and opportunities for vascular tissue engineering applications, particularly in terms of mechanical stability, flow dynamics, and scalability.Materials and MethodsTo enhance the sustainability of these approaches, we developed a reusable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) resin composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), optimized for Vol3DP. This resin retains its printability over four multiple cycles without compromising material performance, highlighting its potential for scalable and sustainable biofabrication. To assess the functional relevance of the fabricated constructs, we designed perfusion platforms capable of precise flow control (1–15 mL/min) and physiological shear stresses (3–5 dyne/cm²). Results This system supports endothelialization and sustained perfusion and further allows direct comparisons of flow dynamics and perfusion efficiency between channel-in-hydrogel from volumetric printing and standalone tubular constructs from coaxial printing. The finally engineered closed chamber adaptable platform allowed for independent pressure modulation within the vessel and the outside environment enabling to recapitulate arterial and venous flows. Discussion Introducing controlled flow dynamics into vascular models fabricated through Vol3DP of Coax3DP methods enable precise control over the vascular wall shear stress and flow rates, facilitating the development of functional endothelium in biologically relevant structures. Our controlled perfusion system is designed to simulate physiological shear stresses and flow rates, supporting a range of fluid-handling configurations, including syringe pumps, peristaltic systems, and rocker platforms. The modular design ensures compatibility with both Vol3DP and Coax3DP-fabricated vascular models, enabling versatile experimental setups to study tissue engineering applications under diverse flow conditions. ConclusionsThe developed perfusion platform offers a valuable tool for investigating vascular biology, drug delivery, and the development of clinically relevant in vitro models. The complementary strengths of Vol3DP and Coax3DP, combined with the innovation of reusable biomaterials, establish a robust framework for biofabrication of vascularized tissues.