Résumé : This thesis studies the existence and the extent of EU Member States' obligations, under international and European human rights law, in the context of humanitarian visa applications introduced within their diplomatic or consular representations abroad by third-country nationals in need of international protection. Analyzing the concepts of jurisdiction, positive obligations to protect and applicability of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, this thesis concludes that EU Member States can be required to issue the requested humanitarian visas in order to grant safe and legal access to their territory when there is no other alternative effectively protecting the applicants from remote, but foreseeable, risks of harm, in accordance with their obligation of non-refoulement.