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La magnétoencéphalographie de scalp : une avancée technologique au bénéfice des patients atteints de pathologies neurologiques

par Feys, Odile ;Tombroff, Lise ;De Tiege, Xavier
Référence Revue médicale de Bruxelles, 45, 2, page (119-126)
Publication Publié, 2024-03-01

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

Conventional magnetoencephalography (MEG) requires cryogenic cooling of magnetic field sensors, which are positioned in a one-size-fits-all rigid helmet to maintain a thermal insulation space with the scalp. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are new sensors that do not require cryogenic cooling. Their placement directly on the scalp allows to perform on-scalp MEG recordings which benefit from a higher signal-to-noise ratio thanks to the reduced brain-tosensor distance. The advantages of on-scalp MEG based on OPMs make it a future promising diagnostic tool for the investigation of numerous neurological pathologies, such as epilepsy or Alzheimer's disease. On-scalp MEG also opens the way to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying these neurological diseases. This review reports the current knowledge acquired thanks to both cryogenic and on-scalp MEG in these two neurological pathologies and the perspectives raised by the advent of on-scalp MEG.