Article révisé par les pairs
Résumé : In carpal tunnel syndrome, the median nerve compression is usually related to the thickening of the sub-synovial conjunctive tissue surrounding the nine flexor tendons crossing the tunnel. Carpal tunnel syndrome is frequent, affecting one person on ten, and is probably underdiagnosed in young active men. The confirmed risk factors are diabetes mellitus, obesity and pregnancy. Carpal tunnel syndrome is occasionally seen in children, usually in the frame of a mucopolysaccharidosis. The patients complain of paraesthesia, usually at night, in a territory larger than the median nerve dermatoma. The diagnosis is based on a neurophysiological or a sonographic investigation -for the latter, the pathological criteria remain to be determined. It is important that the preoperative diagnosis is certain, as neurolysis offers a satisfactory result in only three quarter of the patients. Open release is not safer than endoscopic or percutaneous technique, which could allow quicker return to work.