par Innocenti, Bernardo 
Référence Human Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications, Elsevier, page (377-407)
Publication Publié, 2022-01
Référence Human Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications, Elsevier, page (377-407)
Publication Publié, 2022-01
Partie d'ouvrage collectif
| Résumé : | Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total knee replacement (TKR) is, along with total hip arthroplasty, the most common prosthesis implanted by orthopedic surgeons; suffice it to say that both cover nearly 90% of orthopedic implants used. Nowadays, the global demand for TKA is increasing at an impressive rate due to the increasing prevalence of knee arthritis, and the number of primary TKA procedures is expected to grow by 85% (1.26 million procedures) by 2030. In general, a healthy, well-aligned knee joint is a very stable joint with an extremely high performance that can easily withstand high forces with a huge range of motion; however, sometimes, for a variety of reasons (usually osteoarthritis, with associated cartilage degeneration and possible presence of osteophytes), it is necessary to insert a knee prosthesis. The insertion of such a device means that it is necessary to cut the skin around the joint, the articular soft tissue envelope, and bone to allow for the proper placement of the implant, usually made of metal and plastic parts. Therefore, compared to the native configuration, with this procedure, we can change the shapes of the articular surfaces, the materials (and their mechanical properties), the coefficient of friction, joint lubrication, weight, stiffness, and elasticity of some soft tissue structures, and, thus, it will be quite reasonable to say that with this procedure we will be able to enhance the performance of the entire joint. Therefore, the knowledge of the different options and approaches that could be adopted for TKA and their specific design features is fundamental for surgeons to be able to decide on an appropriate functional implant. |
