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The use of computational models in orthopedic biomechanical research

par Innocenti, Bernardo ;Bori, Edoardo ;Armaroli, Federica;Schlager, Benedikt;Jonas, René;Wilke, Hans Joachim;Galbusera, F.
Référence Human Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications, Elsevier, page (681-712)
Publication Publié, 2022-01

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Résumé :

In recent years, the importance of computational modeling for the investigation of research questions in the field of orthopedics has been continuously increasing. The available literature currently contains thousands of papers and covers all the major joints and anatomical regions. This chapter describes some of the most relevant papers in which computational models, either based on multibody mechanics or finite element analysis, were used to investigate clinical issues in the orthopedics field, covering published studies about hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder joints, as well as the spine. For each of these anatomical regions, relevant studies investigating it in native conditions, either healthy or showing degenerative features, as well as after the most common surgical procedures aimed at treating degenerative disorders, are briefly summarized. Validation and limitations of the available models as well as foreseeable future developments are described as well. The literature analysis highlighted some emerging trends such as patient-specific modeling and multi-scale approaches, which would increase the impact of numerical analysis in orthopedics by implementing the so-called personalized medicine, with direct consequences on treatment options and clinical outcomes for specific patients. On the other side, the limited access to patient-specific and degeneration-specific material properties, as well as the difficulties in calibrating and validating personalized models, limits the spread and the validity of such models.