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Heart health and microorganisms: the unexpected beat

par Takiishi, Tatiana ;Castoldi, Angela;Ignacio, Aline
Editeur scientifique Watson, Ronald Ross;Zibadi, Sherma
Référence 24. Heart health and microorganisms: the unexpected beat, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, Vol. 14, Ed. 1, Human health handbooks
Publication Publié, 2017-09-12

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Résumé :

The human body is colonized by an extremely complex ecosystem composed of many commensal organisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi, which together are called microbiota. The microbiota, in particular the gut microbiota, has important metabolic functions which influence the integrity of mucosal barrier and homeostasis of the immune system. Microbial imbalance or dysbiosis has been identified as a potential risk factor for susceptibility to several chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diets based on high intake of whole-plant foods, e.g. the Mediterranean diet, and the current prevailing Western-style diet have different effects in the gut microbiota composition influencing the abundance of different bacterial communities in the gut. The advances in science are showing a growing importance of the gut in the regulation of the immune system and its effects are related to development and also to protection against several diseases. In CVD, as in other disorders, the immune system plays at least a partial role in its pathology. Recently gut microbiota alterations, mainly during obesity induced by high fat diet have been linked to metabolic syndrome due systemic low grade inflammation and consequently, might play a role in CVD development. In this chapter, we discuss the role of nutrition influencing gut microbiota and the consequences on the immune system for cardiovascular health.