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Magnitude and Uncertainty of Nitrous Oxide Emissions From North America Based on Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches: Informing Future Research and National Inventories

par Xu, Rongting;Tian, Hanqin;Pan, N.;Thompson, Rona L.;Canadell, Josep J.G.;Davidson, Eric Aa;Nevison, Cynthia;Winiwarter, Wilfried;Shi, H.;Pan, Shufen;Chang, J.;Ciais, Phillipe;Dangal, Shree;Ito, Akihiko;Jackson, Robert B.;Joos, Fortunat;Lauerwald, Ronny ;Lienert, Sebastian;Maavara, Taylor;Millet, Dylan D.B.;Raymond, Peter A.;Regnier, Pierre ;Tubiello, Francesco Nicola;Vuichard, Nicolas;Wells, Kelley C.;Wilson, Christopher C.J.L.;Yang, Jia;Yao, Yuanzhi;Zaehle, Sönke;Zhou, Feng
Référence Geophysical research letters, 48, 23, e2021GL095264
Publication Publié, 2021-12-01

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

We synthesized N2O emissions over North America using 17 bottom-up (BU) estimates from 1980–2016 and five top-down (TD) estimates from 1998 to 2016. The BU-based total emission shows a slight increase owing to U.S. agriculture, while no consistent trend is shown in TD estimates. During 2007–2016, North American N2O emissions are estimated at 1.7 (1.0–3.0) Tg N yr−1 (BU) and 1.3 (0.9–1.5) Tg N yr−1 (TD). Anthropogenic emissions were twice as large as natural fluxes from soil and water. Direct agricultural and industrial activities accounted for 68% of total anthropogenic emissions, 71% of which was contributed by the U.S. Our estimates of U.S. agricultural emissions are comparable to the EPA greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, which includes estimates from IPCC tier 1 (emission factor) and tier 3 (process-based modeling) approaches. Conversely, our estimated agricultural emissions for Canada and Mexico are twice as large as the respective national GHG inventories.