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Résumé : The influence of high-temperature effects on the stability of the wake behind a cuboidal roughness element is presented. Different flow assumptions are considered, including a calorically perfect gas, a thermally perfect gas and a mixture of gases in chemical non-equilibrium. Two-dimensional linear stability (2D-LST) computations are performed along the roughness wake for each of the different flow models and compared. The results show that, in the vicinity of the roughness element, the sinuous perturbation is stabilized by the excitation of the vibrational energy mode, whereas the varicose disturbance presents a strong destabilization. Further downstream, the sinuous instability is found to decay at a slower rate when accounting for vibrational excitation in its modeling, yielding a higher integrated amplification factor than with a calorically perfect gas assumption.