Résumé : Japan has one of the highest longevity rates and the second highest average effective age of retirement within the OECD. To face declining birth-rates and growing labour shortage, the Japanese government made the choice to postpone retirement ages. However, an important part of the ageing workforce is in non-standard employment such as part-time, temporary or contract work. The potential health impact of such transitions has not been analysed so far. Using four waves from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), this article assesses, using a latent growth curve method, the impact of moving to non-standard employment in late career on general and mental health for the population aged 50 to 75 after controlling for fixed and time-varying covariates. Analyses are replicated separately by gender. Mixed results flow from the study. Those keeping being in non-standard employment have a better health than those working in full-time employment. However, moving from full-time employment to non-standard employment has negative effects on mental health, particularly for women.