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Collective hadronization and air showers: Can LHC data solve the muon puzzle ?

par Pierog, Tanguy;Baur, Sebastian ;Dembinski, Hans Peter;Ulrich, Ralf;Werner, Klaus
Référence Pos proceedings of science, 358
Publication Publié, 2019

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

The deficit of muons in the simulation of extensive air showers is a long standing problem and the origin of large uncertainties in the reconstruction of the mass of the high energy primary cosmic rays. Hadronic interaction models re-tuned after early LHC data have a more consistent description of the muon content among them but still disagree with data. Some aspects of collective hadronization due to the formation of a quark gluon plasma (QGP) have already been studied in the past as a possible reason for a larger production of muons under extreme conditions (rare, very central nuclear interactions), but without real success. Thus, we study collective effects in a different light: because of its different ratio of electromagnetic to hadronic energy, a QGP can contribute to solve the muon puzzle - in particular in the view of the most recent LHC data. It is demonstrated using a theoretical approach and tested in a realistic way by the modification of the EPOS model to produce a QGP also in not so extreme conditions with a possible large impact on air shower physics.