par Machrafi, Hatim;Minetti, Christophe ;Iorio, Carlo Saverio
Référence Microbial Fuels: Technologies and Applications, CRC Press, page (393-426)
Publication Publié, 2017-01
Partie d'ouvrage collectif
Résumé : The continuously increasing energy demand, especially for the last decades, has caused an important need to find solutions regarding the exhaustion of the extensive but limited fossil fuel reserves. This current problem also implies a dramatic increase of energy costs, as well as environmental, social, and economic problems. This has motivated the search for new, cleaner energy sources that are able to meet the energy demand while being renewable. As a consequence, many new research topics have emerged. Being of recent great interest, biofuels are considered a promising renewable energy source for the replacement of fossil-based fuels. Biofuel is the general name for a variegated class of fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biosyngas, biobutanol, bioethanol, biomethanol, and biohydrogen. Biodiesel as a vegetable oil is a mixture of 394esters with long-chain fatty acids with properties such as renewability, biodegradability, accessibility, sustainability, and nontoxicity. Compared with conventional diesel fuel, it has a very similar energy content, and unlike other fuels, it burns cleanly. Therefore, biodiesel is a suitable aspirant to substitute for oil. Moreover, it is derived from sources that allow for fixing carbon dioxide. It helps to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, the hydrocarbon percentage, and particulate emissions. Additionally, biodiesels are supposed to relieve the environmental problem of acid rain, because of the near-zero sulfur emissions. Many nonfossil sources have been identified as primary ones for biofuel production. Examples are wheat, corn, sugar beets, and more generally, sugar-rich biomasses (Tilman et al. 2009; Chen and Zhang 2015). By contrast, they are in great conflict with food supply and agricultural health.

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