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Virus genomes reveal factors that spread and sustained the Ebola epidemic

par Dudas, Gytis;Carvalho, Luiz Max;Bedford, Trevor;Tatem, Andrew J;Baele, Guy;Faria, Nuno Rodrigues;Park, Daniel J;Ladner, Jason T;Arias, Armando;Asogun, Danny;Bielejec, Filip;Caddy, Sarah SL;Cotten, Matthew;D'Ambrozio, Jonathan;Dellicour, Simon ;Di Caro, Antonino;Diclaro, Joseph JW;Duraffour, Sophie;Elmore, Michael MJ;Fakoli, Lawrence LS;Faye, Ousmane;Gilbert, Merle L;Gevao, Sahr SM;Gire, Stephen;Gladden-Young, Adrianne;Gnirke, Andreas;Goba, Augustine;Grant, Donald S;Haagmans, Bart BL;Hiscox, Julian JA;Jah, Umaru;Kugelman, Jeffrey JR;Liu, Di;Lu, Jia;Malboeuf, Christine CM;Mate, Suzanne;Matthews, David DA;Matranga, Christian CB;Meredith, Luke LW;Qu, James;Quick, Joshua;Pas, Suzan D;Phan, My V T;Pollakis, Georgios;Reusken, Chantal CB;Sanchez-Lockhart, Mariano;Schaffner, Stephen F;Schieffelin, John JS;Sealfon, Rachel RS;Simon-Loriere, Etienne;Smits, Saskia SL;Stoecker, Kilian;Thorne, Lucy;Tobin, Ekaete Alice;Vandi, Mohamed MA;Watson, Simon SJ;Westman, Kerstin W A;Whitmer, Shannon;Wiley, Michael MR;Winnicki, Sarah SM;Wohl, Shirlee;Wölfel, Roman;Yozwiak, Nathan NL;Andersen, Kristian G;Blyden, Sylvia SO;Bolay, Fatorma;Carroll, Miles MW;Dahn, Bernice;Diallo, Boubacar;Formenty, Pierre;Fraser, Christophe;Gao, George F;Garry, Robert RF;Goodfellow, Ian;Günther, Stephan;Happi, Christian CT;Holmes, Edward C;Kargbo, Brima;Keïta, Sakoba;Kellam, Paul;Koopmans, Marion Pg G M.P.;Kuhn, Jens H;Loman, Nicholas J;Magassouba, N'Faly;Naidoo, Dhamari;Nichol, Stuart ST;Nyenswah, Tolbert;Palacios, Gustavo;Pybus, Oliver George;Sabeti, Pardis PC;Sall, Amadou;Ströher, Ute;Wurie, Isatta;Suchard, Marc A;Lemey, Philippe;Rambaut, Andrew
Référence Nature (London), 544, 7650, page (309-315)
Publication Publié, 2017-04-12

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

The 2013-2016 West African epidemic caused by the Ebola virus was of unprecedented magnitude, duration and impact. Here we reconstruct the dispersal, proliferation and decline of Ebola virus throughout the region by analysing 1,610 Ebola virus genomes, which represent over 5% of the known cases. We test the association of geography, climate and demography with viral movement among administrative regions, inferring a classic 'gravity' model, with intense dispersal between larger and closer populations. Despite attenuation of international dispersal after border closures, cross-border transmission had already sown the seeds for an international epidemic, rendering these measures ineffective at curbing the epidemic. We address why the epidemic did not spread into neighbouring countries, showing that these countries were susceptible to substantial outbreaks but at lower risk of introductions. Finally, we reveal that this large epidemic was a heterogeneous and spatially dissociated collection of transmission clusters of varying size, duration and connectivity. These insights will help to inform interventions in future epidemics.