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Contributions of sleep, auditory cueing and electrical brain stimulation to the consolidation of emotional memory

par Gilson, Medhi
Président du jury Colin, Cécile
Promoteur Peigneux, Philippe
Publication Non publié, 2016-04-26

Thèse de doctorat

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Résumé :

This doctoral thesis aimed at better understanding the contribution of sleep, Targeted Memory Reactivation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the consolidation of neutral and emotional memories. In the first part of this work, we found that REM-enriched naps and more specifically rapid eye movement density is associated with the consolidation of sad stories, suggesting a possible implication of Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) waves in the consolidation of sad information. In addition, we observed an increase in emotional reactivity during re-exposure to the sad story following a REM-enriched nap. We postulate that REM sleep favored the consolidation of the emotionalsalience of the sad memories, leading to exacerbated emotional reactivity during re-exposure. We also investigated the impact of TMR during NREM sleep on the consolidation of neutral and negative word pairs leanred with a specific sound. We found an equal benefit of the TMR procedure on neutral and emotional material, suggesting that emotion does not modulate the selective enhancing effect of TMR during NREM sleep. In an additional study, we tested the impact of verbatim presentation of the pairs of words during NREM sleep and did not find the memory benefits of TMR. We ascribed the absence of TMR memory benefit to the detrimental effect of the auditory presntation of the second word which impaired the memory reactivation processes initiated by the presentation of the first word. Together, theseresults indicate the crucial role of a sensitive plastic time window necessary for the successful processes of memory reactivation during sleep. Finally, we evaluated how the combination of tDCS and TMR procedure during a wakeful rest consolidation interval benefits memory consolidation. We found that TMR alone led to selective memory benefits for cued word pairs. When the TMR procedure was combined with either right-anodal or left anodal tDCS, we observed a significant improved global learning, suggesting that tDCS does not potentiate but overshadows the TMRprocedure. Altogether, these studies offer new perspectives in the field of memory consolidation. More specifically, the application of an alternating current during post-learning sleep concomitantly to a TMR procedure might favor the specific brain oscillations involved in successful memory reactivation, and might enhance the associated memory gains.