Résumé : We report a case of a double M component appearing in the course of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD). Lymphocyte function, especially the decrease in T-suppressor cells, could play an essential role in the mechanisms of the disease. In the presence of an M component, the prognosis for AILD seems to be more pessimistic. Arguments for considering AILD as a premalignant disease are reviewed. © 1984, American Medical Association. All rights reserved.