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Interactions coopératives, processus développementaux et comportements psychopathologiques agis: une approche dynamique

par Nicolis, Hélène
Président du jury Braun, Michel Y
Promoteur Delvenne, Véronique
Publication Non publié, 2015-12-21

Thèse de doctorat

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Résumé :

This work deals with the different manifestations of cooperativity in pedopsychiatry in connection with severe disorders in adolescence such as suicide attempts and runaways, and developmental processes in early childhood. Our principal hypothesis is that cooperativity, nonlinearity and the resulting feedback loops underlie the appearance of suicidal peaks, the transitions between different mental states in a population of susceptible, suicidal and runaway individuals, or finally the selfish to egalitarian transition in young children. The principal methodology put forward is mathematical modeling, which allows one to identify the principal mechanisms present, to assess the role of the environmental constraints and to make predictions. This provides in turn insights on possible prevention, managemant and therapy strategies. Using this approach we have shown that suicide contagion can take an explosive form that is dramatically accelerated by the presence of virtual contacts as it happens, in particular, in communication via the Internet. Different scenarios have been explored, inspired by typical cases encountered in clinical practice when taking in charge adolescents in crisis. Regarding the population of susceptible, suicidal and runaways, a model has been developed whose analysis shows that depending on the parameter values and the size of the initial population the system can evolve toward states where the populations of the suicidal and of the runaways are negligible or, on the contrary, reach appreciable values. Finally, we have shown that in absence of interactions between individuals the selfish to egalitarian transition in children occurs gradually, whereas in the presence of cooperativity the transition is more abrupt. Our results suggest that when taking in charge adolescents in a state of risk contagion and transition between mental states must be recognized as additional iatrogenic risks, which can be minimized by privileging small non-mixed groups.