Résumé : In the first part of these studies, we have performed standard microsurgical procedures provide a solution for long standing bone and soft tissue defects, even in cases of longstanding osteomyelitis of long bones. When long bony segments are missing, the microvascular bone transfer provides a reliable method. In smaller soft tissue and bone defects, the application of a descending genicular osteomyocutaneous flap provides an option with low donor site morbidity. In the second part, we have focussed on reducing the donor site morbidity and expanded on the application of tissue engineering methods. MSCs derived from bone marrow can be injected percutaneous or be combined with an autologous bony scaffold for treatment of delayed union and nonunion. The outcome of our studies, however, limited in number of patients, clearly showed the possibilities and advantages of this new approach. A multimodality approach is essential, but it can provide promising solutions. Well-established microvascular and modern biotechnology methods will improve patient satisfaction and functional recovery in severe limb trauma, often the result of high-energy motorcycle accidents.