Résumé : A sample of 25000 Z0 → τ+τ- events collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP in 1991 and 1992 is used to measure the leptonic branching fractions of the τ lepton. The results are B(τ → eνν) = (17.51 ± 0.39)% and B(τ → μνν) = (17.02 ± 0.31) %. The ratio of the muon and electron couplings to the weak charged current is measured to be gμ ge = 1.000 ± 0.013, satisfying e-μ universality. The leptonic branching fraction corrected to the value for a massless lepton, assuming e-μ universality, is found to be B(τ → lνν) = (17.50 ± 0.25)%. © 1995.