Article révisé par les pairs
Résumé : Recent studies implicate Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphomas. Epidemiological studies show the high prevalence of lip in patients operated on for gastric lymphoma. Histopathological data demonstrate similarities between chronic Hp + gastritis and gastric MALT lymphomas. They highlight the constant presence of lymphoid follicles in both entities and the existence of lympho-epithelial complexes, considered as typical of MALT lymphomas, in some cases of Hp+ gastritis. Additional proof comes from therapeutic studies indicating that most low grade MALT lymphomas regress under antibiotic treatments which eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Although these data have led to a new therapeutic approach, more research is needed since regression only occurs in superficial tumours restricted to the mucosa or the submucosa and is never observed in extended lesions nor in high grade lymphomas.