par Ghoniem, Nasr;Walgraef, Daniel 
;Zinkle, Steven
Référence Journal of Computer-Aided Materials Design, 8, 1, page (1-38)
Publication Publié, 2001
;Zinkle, StevenRéférence Journal of Computer-Aided Materials Design, 8, 1, page (1-38)
Publication Publié, 2001
Article révisé par les pairs
| Résumé : | Irradiation of materials by energetic particles (e.g., electrons, ions and neutrons) is associated with very high internal power dissipation, which can drive the underlying nano- and microstructure far from normal equilibrium conditions. One of the most unusual responses in this connection is the ability of the material's nano- and microstructure to self-assemble in well-organized, two- and three-dimensional periodic arrangements. We review and assess here experimental evidence and theoretical models pertaining to the physical understanding of nano- and microstructure self-organization under irradiation conditions. Experimental observations on the formation of self-organized defect clusters, dislocation loops, voids and bubbles are presented and critically assessed. Implantation of metals with energetic helium results in remarkable self-assembled bubble super-lattices with wavelengths (super-lattice parameters) in the range of 5-8 nm. Ion and neutron irradiation produce a wide variety of self-assembled 3-D defect walls and void lattices, with wavelengths that can be tailored in the range of 10's to 100's of nanometers. Theoretical models aimed at explaining these observations are introduced, and a consistent description of many features is outlined. The primary focus of the most recent modeling efforts, which are based on stability theory and concepts of non-linear dynamics, is to determine criteria for the evolution and spatial symmetry of self-organized microstructures. The correspondence between this theoretical framework and experimental observations is also examined, highlighting areas of agreement and pointing out unresolved questions. |
