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Humoral Immunity and CD4+ Th1 Cells Are Both Necessary for a Fully Protective Immune Response upon Secondary Infection with Brucella melitensis.

par Vitry, Marie-Alice ;Hanot Mambres, Delphine ;De Trez, Carl ;Akira, Shizuo;Ryffel, Bernhard;Letesson, Jean-Jacques;Muraille, Eric
Référence The Journal of immunology, 192, 8, page (3740-3752)
Publication Publié, 2014-04

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

Brucella spp are intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the most common zoonoses in the world. Given the serious medical consequences of this disease, a safe and effective human vaccine is urgently needed. Efforts to develop this vaccine have been hampered by our lack of understanding of what constitutes a protective memory response against Brucella. In this study, we characterize the cells and signaling pathways implicated in the generation of a protective immune memory response following priming by the injection of heat-killed or live Brucella melitensis 16M. Using a panel of gene-deficient mice, we demonstrated that during a secondary recall response, both the Brucella-specific humoral response and CD4(+) Th1 cells must act together to confer protective immunity in the spleen to B. melitensis infection. Humoral protective immunity is induced by the inoculation of both heat-killed and live bacteria, and its development does not require T cells, MyD88/IL-12p35 signaling pathways, or an activation-induced deaminase-mediated isotype switch. In striking contrast, the presence of memory IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) Th1 cells requires the administration of live bacteria and functional MyD88/IL-12p35 pathways. In summary, our work identifies several immune markers closely associated with protective immune memory and could help to define a rational strategy to obtain an effective human vaccine against brucellosis.