Résumé : A histophysiological study of the neuroendocrine organs of male and female Lampyris noctiluca shows differences in activity between the organs of the two sexes during the course of postembryonic development. One of the main differences is in the activity of the neurosecretory cells with small granules (à petits grains). In the male their secretion appears at the beginning of sexual differentiation and continues to be produced up to the imaginal stage. In the female it appears later and is less important. Another difference is that the corpora allata are inactive in nymphal and adult males, whereas they remain functional in females. Further, the prothoracic gland (glande de mue) degenerates rapidly in the nymphal stage in the male, whereas it persists to some extent in the female up to the imaginal stage. It seems possible that these neuroendocrine phenomena could play a part in the organogenesis and sexual physiology of this insect, and experiments carried out from this point of view have lent support to this hypothesis. The results of these experiments will be published later. © 1966.