Résumé : A study was conducted on the dynamic of wild Citrus medica populations in the study areas of the Ha Giang and Tuyen Quang provinces. Genetic structure and gene flow were investigated in representative populations of the area, with a view to develop an in-situ conservation strategy. High levels of intra-population variation, but very low levels of differentiation among populations, indicate that the sampled populations of C. medica have been recently derived from a common ancestor. No significant difference between Ha- and Tu-populations in genetic variation within populations was found, whereas low, but significant differentiation between the two groups, was present. The establishment of a preliminary life graph allows identification of the main factors in the survival and growth of wild populations, which will usefully guide management operations.