Résumé : The electroproduction of ρ mesons with proton diffractive dissociation for Q2 > 7 GeV2 and the elastic electroproduction of φ mesons for Q2 > 6 GeV2 are studied in e+p collisions at HERA with the H1 detector, for an integrated luminosity of 2.8 pb-1. The dependence of the cross sections on Pt2 and Q2 is measured, and the vector meson polarisation obtained. The cross section ratio between proton dissociative and elastic production of ρ mesons is measured and discussed in the framework of the factorisation hypothesis of diffractive vertices. The ratio of the elastic cross section for φ and ρ meson production is investigated as a function of Q2. © Springer-Verlag 1997.